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Biosphere is a heterogeneous structure.

Its "mosaic" are determined and the presence therein of regions with different biogeochemical specialization. Global biogeochemical cycles in the biosphere is not closed. The degree of reproduction of individual cycles reaches 90-98%. On a scale of geological time incomplete closure of the biogeochemical cycles leads to the differentiation of cells and their accumulation in the atmosphere, hydrosphere or metabiosfere Earth. These are a few percent of the substance escapes from the cycle, are "out of geology." However, "geology" is not only the "exit", but also at the entrance to the biogeochemical cycle. Continuous cycling in the biosphere are only matter, while for the energy can only talk about the direction of flow. The incoming solar energy into the biosphere in part expended in the synthesis of organic matter. Biosphere - a "factory of macromolecules: photoautotrophic organisms, absorbing solar energy through photosynthesis, convert low molecular weight, poor energy inorganic substances in high-, energy-rich organic compounds and provide for them all alive. Being transferred from one trophic level to another, energy is gradually dissipated. When light falls on the diamond, one part of it is reflected from the bezel, and the other is inside and can break out only after multiple reflections from the inner faces.

The same kind of space (on a scale of geological time) exposed to solar energy, accumulated living matter. Updates all living matter of the biosphere of the Earth by an average of 8 years. In this matter of land plants (terrestrial phytomass) is updated for about 14 years. The ocean circulation material is many times faster: the whole mass of living material is updated for 33 days, while the phytomass of the ocean - everyday! The process of a complete change of water in the hydrosphere is carried over 2800 years. In an atmosphere of change of oxygen takes place several thousand years, and carbon dioxide - for 6,3 years. These figures show that the geochemical effects of living matter in the biosphere is evident not only in the course of geological time, and clearly expressed but even within historic times.