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The scale of geological disasters that occurred in Earth's history.

Worst of the known earthquakes accompanied by the release amplitude of 4-6 m. Innumerable disasters are and volcanic eruptions. The largest of these occurred early in this century in Alaska. The height of the cliff formed by frozen lava, here reaches 100 meters! And during the eruption on the island of Krakatoa in 1883, fell to ash layer thickness from 2 m to 60 m.
How many were in the history of the biosphere, geological disasters! Nevertheless, all the major disaster, ever happen in the biosphere, have always been local, not global. True, in recent years in this regard have been some doubts. The reason for this was the fact that in some areas of the globe in the border between the Cretaceous sediments and Paleogene was found a thin (few centimeters) spacers, strongly enriched in iridium. Since iridium is one of the characteristic elements of meteorites, it was suggested that the interlayer, enriched in iridium, a substance formed by an asteroid that exploded in a collision with our planet. With this event became associated mass extinctions of many groups of organisms (especially dinosaurs), typical for this segment of geologic history.

But we must not forget that at the end of the Mesozoic place enormous outpouring of basalt. Not be ruled out that they resulted in a dramatic accumulation of iridium in the atmosphere first, and then - and to its concentration in a limited traced clearly. By the way, spacers with iridium are present everywhere: for example, studied in detail eign Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments in the Crimea and its not found. Thus, all the material accumulated by the geology, shows the continuity of the organic world of the Earth throughout geological history and correct conclusion about the absence of nitrogen in the crust (formed in the absence of life) deposits. Internal diversity of the biosphere has provided its resistance even to the most significant catastrophic shocks. She - this stability - defined by exceptional diversity of living organisms and the biosphere is almost infinitely more of them, interchangeable components of its ecosystem, duplication of individual links of biogeochemical cycles, stability of life and activity of individuals.

Common Facts:

Perhaps, we could not, until recently, to appreciate this diversity - we just have nothing to compare it to our biosphere. And only now, when we saw on television, in the pages of illustrated editions of other planets, landscapes, devoid of life - only now we can fully appreciate the "inner diversity" of the biosphere. It serves as a guarantee of the survival of life on our planet.